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Gaussian Splatting

Gaussian splatting for CT represents the volume as a set of explicit 3D Gaussian primitives, each with a position, shape and density, and optimises them so that their rendered X-ray projections match the measurements. It is adapted from 3D Gaussian splatting for photographic novel-view synthesis, replacing the emission-and-occlusion model with an attenuation model suited to transmission imaging.

Compared with implicit neural representations, the explicit primitives rasterise quickly on the GPU, so per-scan reconstruction can take minutes rather than hours, and the representation concentrates detail where the object needs it. Its main use so far is sparse-view CT and CBCT, with extensions to 4D respiratory imaging and metal artifact reduction.

Key technical issues are making the splatting integration exact enough for tomography, handling pose errors, initialisation from FBP or learned priors, and scaling to large volumes. The papers here range from X-ray novel-view synthesis to exact and scalable tomographic formulations.

Browse all 26 Gaussian Splatting papers in the searchable directory

Start here

If you are new to this topic, these are good first reads, chosen by the maintainers.

Papers

All 26 papers, newest first.

PaperVenueYearLinks
Active View Selection with Perturbed Gaussian Ensemble for Tomographic ReconstructionECCV2026paper
AD-GS: Anatomical Density-guided 3D Gaussian Splatting for Sparse-View Dental CBCT Reconstructionpreprint2026paper · code
Exact-GS: Mathematically Rigorous and Accurate 3D Gaussian Splatting for 3D X-Ray ReconstructionCVPR2026paper · code
FaCT-GS: Fast and Scalable CT Reconstruction with Gaussian SplattingECCV2026paper · code
GR-Gaussian: Graph-Based Radiative Gaussian Splatting for Sparse-View TomographyTCI2026paper
LINGO: Latent Initialization and Gradient Optimization for Sparse-view X-ray Novel View Synthesis and CT Reconstruction with 3D Gaussian Splattingpreprint2026paper
MedGMAE: Gaussian Masked Autoencoders for Medical Volumetric Representation LearningICLR2026paper · code
Zero-shot CT Super-Resolution using Diffusion-based 2D Projection Priors and Signed 3D GaussiansMICCAI2026paper
Projection-Volume Fidelity Divergence: Diagnosing and Controlling Optimization Drift in Sparse-View 3D Gaussian Tomographypreprint2026paper
Radioactive 3D Gaussian Ray Tracing for Tomographic Reconstructionpreprint2026paper
Revisiting Pose Sensitivity in Splat-based Computed Tomography under Sparse-view ReconstructionCVPR2026paper
Shape-guided Gaussian Splatting for Sparse-View X-ray 3D Reconstructionpreprint2026paper · code
Splat-Based Metal Artifact Reduction in Cone-Beam CT via Compact Attenuation ModelingCVPR2026paper
Splat-based Metal Artifact Reduction in Cone-Beam CT via Polychromatic ModelingCGF2026paper
TG-Field: Geometry-Aware Radiative Gaussian Fields for Tomographic ReconstructionAAAI2026paper
Spatiotemporal Gaussian Optimization for 4D Cone Beam CT Reconstruction from Sparsely Sampled ProjectionsMed Phys2025paper · code
Discretized Gaussian Representation for Tomographic ReconstructionICCV2025paper · code
DIGS: Dynamic CBCT Reconstruction using Deformation-Informed 4D Gaussian Splatting and a Low-Rank Free-Form Deformation ModelMICCAI2025paper · code
InsideOut: Integrated RGB-Radiative Gaussian Splatting for Comprehensive 3D Object RepresentationICCV2025paper
Time-resolved dynamic CBCT reconstruction using prior-model-free spatiotemporal Gaussian representation (PMF-STGR)PMB2025paper
Volumetrically Consistent 3D Gaussian RasterizationCVPR2025paper · code
X-GRM: Large Gaussian Reconstruction Model for Sparse-view X-rays to Computed Tomographypreprint2025paper · code
X2-Gaussian: 4D Radiative Gaussian Splatting for Continuous-Time Tomographic ReconstructionICCV2025paper · code
Learning 3D Gaussians for Extremely Sparse-View Cone-Beam CT ReconstructionMICCAI2024paper · code
R2-Gaussian: Rectifying Radiative Gaussian Splatting for Tomographic ReconstructionNeurIPS2024paper · code
Radiative Gaussian Splatting for Efficient X-Ray Novel View SynthesisECCV2024paper · code

Browse all 26 Gaussian Splatting papers in the searchable directory

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